ABSTRACT
Oral cancer is at rise in our population due to increasing use of areca nut [Betel nut] with or without tobacco. It is the second frequent malignant tumour for both the gender in Pakistan. This non-interventional case control study was carried out with the aim to explore saliva as diagnostic medium for detecting interleukins [IL] 6 and 8 as biomarkers of pre-malignant lesions [PML] and oral carcinoma. Total 105 subjects were recruited and were divided into three groups "A", "B" and "C" each comprising of 35 subjects. Group "A" comprised of cases with strong clinical evidence of oral PML. Group "B" constitute clinical and histologically proven OSCC and group "C" include disease free subjects as controls. Saliva from all the recruited subjects was procured by drooling method and stored at-20[degree sign]C before further process. All the collected samples were centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes at 4[degree sign]C. Supernatant fluid was used in ELISA for detection and quantification of IL-6 and IL-8. Data was analysed by using Chi-square test and multivariate analysis was done by non-parametric test. P-value of 0.05 was taken as standard reference. Significant co-relation was found for qualitative salivary detection of IL-6 and IL-8 among the groups [P<0.001 and <0.0001 respectively]. Regarding quantitative salivary concentration of leukotrienes, no significant co-relation was found in levels of IL-6 among the groups while there was significant association of IL-8 levels between the groups [P<0.0001].On post Hoc multiple comparison, significant co-relation was found among oral PML group and controls [P=0.001] and OSCC group and control [P=<0.0001]. In conclusion salivary detection of IL-6 and IL-8 could be used as probable biomarker for early detection of oral PML and OSCC in etiologically distinct population of Pakistan
ABSTRACT
To evaluate salivary detection of HPV-16 and 18 would be feasible and informative biomarker for oral pre-malignant and malignant lesion in our population. This non-interventional, case control study was carried out at department of E.N.T, Head and Neck Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan between July 2011 to December 2012. Total of 105 cases were recruited. These were divided in three groups 'A', 'B' and 'C having 35 subjects each. Group'A' constitutes patients having strong clinical evidence of oral pre-malignant lesions [PML]. Group 'B' includes historically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] and Group 'C' comprised disease free subjects as controls. After taking informed consent, relevant clinical history was recorded on institutional approved performa. Saliva from all subjects was procured by standard 'drooling method'. Samples were stored at +4°C and later transferred to Laboratory to store at-20°C before further process. Samples werKfcentrifuged at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C. Cell pellets sediments were used for identification of HPV-16 and 18 by real-time PCR method. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 16. P-value of 0.05 was taken as standard. In group 'A', HPV-16 was detected in 3 [8.6%] cases while HPV-18 was not detected in any of the subject. In group 'B', HPV-16 was detected in 07 [20%] while HPV-18 was found in 06 [17.1%] cases. Mixed HPV-16 and HPV-18 were found in 02 [5.7%] cases. In group 'C, HPV-16 was detected in 03 [8.6%] while HPV-18 was not detected in any of the subjects. Significant relationship was observed between the groups for HPV-18 detection [P= 0.002] while for HPV-16, no significant association was found [P= 0.245]. HPV infection for the causation of oral cancer cannot be fully established possibly due to small sample size. More over differences in genetic makeup, environment, indulgence in peculiar risk factor habits, sexual practices and difficult evaluation of the acquisition of viral load due to socio-cultural and religious restrictions could be the reason
ABSTRACT
To evaluate salivary detection of interleukin 6 and 8 and high risk HPV-16 and 18 are informative biomarkers of Oral Pre-malignant Lesion [PML] and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma [OSCC] in our population. July 2011 to December 2012. Total 105 cases were included. The subjects were divided in three groups 'A', 'B' and 'C' having 35 participants each. Group 'A' comprised of patients having strong clinical evidence of oral PML. Group 'B' constitutes histologically proven OSCC and Group 'C' includes disease free subjects as controls. Relevant clinical history was recorded after informed consent on institutional approved performa. Saliva was collected as per standard drooling method'. Samples were stored at +4oC and later transferred to Dow Diagnostic, Research and Reference Laboratory to store it at -20oC before further process. Samples were subjected to centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes at 4oC. Supernatant fluid phase was used in ELISA for detection and quantification of IL6 and IL8. . Cell pellets were used for identification of high risk HPV-16 and 18 by real-time PCR. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 16. P-value of 0.05 was taken as standard reference. In group 'A', IL6 was not detected in almost all the subjects except one case. IL8 was detected in 26/35 [74.3%] subjects and not detected in 09 [25.7%] cases. In group 'B', IL6 was detected in 13 [37.1%] cases and in 22 [62.9%] cases, it cannot be detected. IL8 was detected in 33 [94.3%] and it was not detected in 02 [5.7%] subjects. It is observed that IL8 is consistently found raised in group 'A' and 'B'. In group 'C', IL6 was not detected in any of the subject while IL8 was detected in 10[28.6%] cases. Significant association was found for qualitative salivary detection of IL6 and IL8 between the groups [P= < 0.0001 and < 0.0001 respectively]. Regarding quantitative salivary concentration of IL6 and IL8, no significant co-relation was found in salivary levels of IL6 between the groups while there was significant association of salivary IL8 levels between the groups [P= <0.0001]. On post Hoc multiple comparison, significant co-relation was found in IL8 levels between oral PML group and controls [P=0.001] and OSCC group and controls [P= <0.0001]. In group 'A', HPV-16 was detected in salivary samples of 3 [8.6%] cases while HPV-18 was not detected. In group 'B', HPV-16 was detected in the salivary samples of 07 [20%] cases while HPV-18 was detected in 06 [17.1%] cases. Mixed HPV-16 and HPV-18 were found in 02 [5.7%] cases. In group 'C', HPV-16 was detected in 03[8.6%] cases while HPV-18 was not detected in any of the subjects. Significant relationship was observed between the groups for salivary HPV-18 detection [P= 0.002] while for detection of HPV-16, no significant association was found [P= 0.245]. Salivary concentration of IL6 and IL8 in oral PML and oral cancer are useful biomarkers in our population. Detection of HPV infection for the causation of oral cancer cannot be fully established possibly due to small sample size. More over different genetic makeup, environmental and geographic differences, indulgence in peculiar risk factor habits and different sexual practices compared to west due to socio-cultural and religious restrictions could be the reason
ABSTRACT
Radicular cyst is one of the late sequelae of untreated pulpal necrosis often caused by dental trauma and caries. It develops slowly and gradually but symptomlessly, and involves many adjacent sound teeth endangering their vitality and even prognosis.The objectives of this study were to determine the site, age and sex distribution as well as to know the ratio of trauma to caries in the occurrence of Radicular cyst. Fifty [50] patients were included in study after taking history, clinical examination, radiological findings, aspiration test and biopsy report. 38 cases occurred in maxilla while 12 in mandible with ratio 3.1:1. In maxilla, the offended tooth was anterior in all 38 cases. So the favoured site was maxillary anterior teeth. The peak frequency was in 3rd decade with mean age of 23 years. There was slight male predilection as like other international studies. The ratio of trauma to caries was 4.3:1 in both jaws, 10:1 in maxilla and 1:1 in mandible. The increased ratio of trauma to caries indicates the neglecting attitude of our patients to dental treatment and demands their awareness and education about the untreated dental trauma.This study will help professionals to know the hazards of untreated dental trauma as well as their consequences. It will also help in early diagnosis and management of radicular cyst to reduce its morbidity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pulpitis , Periapical Tissue , Mandible , MaxillaABSTRACT
Fine needle aspiration cytology is widely used to screen neck masses in adult population. Our present series of 40 fine needle aspiration cytology performed during January 2001 to December 2002, on 40 children with clinically significant neck masses. These fine needle aspiration cytology were confirmed by subsequent surgical biopsies, or follow up of patient for 18 months. Out of the 40 aspirations performed 32 required no subsequent surgical biopsy whereas those of 8 tumors identified, 6 were malignant. In 4 of these cases, metastatic tumors were diagnosed and appropriate therapy provided. Two false negative and one false positive result were obtained. No delay in treatment occurred because of false negative result and no radical treatment resulted from the false positive diagnosis. The sensitivity was 93.8% and the specificity was 94.4. The usefulness and cost effectiveness of fine needle aspiration is stressed